Using Footnotes for Citations: A Guide 'endnote 2007'

When working on academic papers and research projects, it's essential to know how to properly cite sources within your text. While in-text citations using author-date formats are common, certain styles like Chicago A, OSCOLA, Turabian, and ACS require the use of footnotes or endnotes instead.

In Microsoft Word 2007 and later versions (including Office 2010-2016), you can easily insert footnotes to cite sources within your document. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to do it:

### Step 1: Accessing Footnote Tools

To start, ensure that your cursor is at the location in the text where you want to add an endnote or footnote.

1. Click on 'Home' tab from the top menu bar.

2. In the 'Footnotes' group, find and click on the small arrow next to it (if not already expanded).

3. Within this dropdown list, select either 'Endnote' if you prefer your citation at the bottom of the page or 'footnote' for a superscript number inside your text.

### Step 2: Inserting Endnotes or Footnotes

Once you've chosen between an endnote and footnote, click on one option to insert it into your document. The type of notation (superscript numbers) will depend on whether you chose an 'Endnote' or a regular 'footnote.'

Now that we have our footnotes set up, let's discuss how to properly format them for different citation styles.

### Step 1: Footnote Format

Regardless of the style guide being used, all footnote citations should follow these basic rules:

- They must appear as superscript numbers at the end of a sentence or within square brackets if there are multiple sources cited together.

* For example:

If you want to cite this source (Smith et al., 2020), then your in-text citation would look like '1'.

- The corresponding footnote will include information about where readers can find more details on the reference(s) listed.

### Step 2: Endnote Format

The format for endnotes is similar but with a few key differences:

- They should be placed at the bottom of your paper, one per page.

- If you have multiple sources cited together in an endnote, separate them using semicolons (e.g., Smith et al. '1'; Johnson & Williams '2').

### Step 3: Citing Multiple Sources

If you need to cite more than one source within the same sentence or work by different authors, there are specific guidelines to follow depending on whether they're published in the same year:

- For sources with multiple authors:

+ Use ampersands (&) between all but last names (Smith & Jones).

- For sources without a corresponding author(s):

+ List publishers as part of title instead of after editor's name.

- When citing two or more works by the same author published in the same year, include both authors' surnames followed by publication years separated with an ampersand (&) and then 'n.' for no page number (Smith & Jones '1'; Smith et al. n.d.).

### Step 4: Examples

Here are some examples of how to properly format your citations in different styles:

#### Chicago A, OSCOLA, Turabian, ACS:

In-text citation:

'Author(s) Lastname Year' or 'Author(s) First Initial'. 'Title.' Title of Container. Publisher City: University Press; Date Published.

Endnote/footnote entry:

1. Author's Name. 'Article/Book Chapter title.' Book or Journal Title volume (issue number): Page Numbers. Publisher, Year.

2. Lastname, FirstInitial. 'Chapter or article title' In: Edited by FirstLast, ed., Title of the book in its entirety. New York: Routledge, 2014.

By following these simple steps and guidelines outlined above, you'll be well on your way to effectively using footnotes for citations in Microsoft Word documents while adhering strictly to various citation styles required within academic circles worldwide!

Endnote 2007